2024, Vol. 6, Issue 5, Part B

Background: The global population is aging rapidly, with a growing burden of mental health issues among older adults. Iraq faces unique challenges in ensuring the mental well-being of its elderly population due to historical conflict, ongoing social and economic instability, and limited mental healthcare access. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for mental disorders among elderly people attending primary healthcare centers in Baghdad, Iraq.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for mental disorders (MDs) among elderly patients (aged 60+) attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Baghdad, Iraq. A sample of 331 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, and chronic health conditions.

Results: Over 23% (n=76) of participants were diagnosed with an MD, significantly higher than the global average. Age, education level, marital status, employment status, income level, smoking history, and chronic health conditions were significantly associated with MDs. Social determinants like dependence on others, visual/auditory impairments, social isolation, economic decline, and neglect/mishandling were also prominent risk factors.

Conclusions: This study identified a concerning prevalence of MDs among elderly PHC attendees in Baghdad. Socioeconomic disadvantages, chronic health issues, and social risk factors significantly contribute to MDs. The findings emphasize the need for a multi-pronged approach: strengthening mental health services within PHCs, promoting social support systems, and implementing preventive measures for chronic diseases and economic insecurity. Future research should explore culturally appropriate interventions to improve the mental well-being of older Iraqis.